当留学生们在进行英文论文写作的时候确定了观点之后，接下来要做的就是扩展，因为一篇英文论文仅仅只要观点是万万不行的，除了给出的观点之外，更加重要的部分是对观点的展开和论证。本文中HotEssay就给大家说说如何对观点进行展开和论证。
一般来说，展开观点有以下几种方法：举例法、反证法、因果法。
举例法即针对文章观点给出一两个恰当的例子，反证法的思路是“如果不（接受本段的论证点），会（产生什么样的结果）”，通过这样的方式来对问题进行更加深入的思考。
反证法通常和举例法配合使用。请看下面几个例子：
Traditional food is also associated with cultural events. For example, people in North America eat roasted turkey on Thanksgiving Day to celebrate the festival, a practice that has roots in the colonial history of the United States. Without traditional food and its preparation, important festivals such as Thanksgiving Day would be incomplete.
第一句：Traditional food is also associated with cultural events. 是中心句（观点）。
第二句：For example, people in North America eat roasted turkey on Thanksgiving Day to celebrate the festival, a practice that has roots in the colonial history of the United States. 是举例。
第三句：Without traditional food and its preparation, important festivals such as Thanksgiving Day would be incomplete. 是反证，即假设如果没有传统食品，会发生什么事情。
因果法则用于说明事物发展的原因和结果，可根据结果分析原因，也可以由原因推导结果。因果法非常适合用来扩展思路。如果你文章写到一半觉得无话可说，记得多想想“原因和结果”：是什么原因导致了现在正在描述的现象？现在描述的现象又会导致什么样的结果？把这两点想清楚，文章思路就有了。再看这个例子：
It is true that convenience food is useful for saving time in today’s fast-paced world. Traditional cooking is often time-consuming; by contrast, making a meal of packaged food such as instant noodles and canned vegetables is much faster. This enables busy office workers to fill their bellies with relative ease.
第一句：It is true that convenience food is useful for saving time in today’s fast-paced world. 是中心句（观点）。
第二句：Traditional cooking is often time-consuming; by contrast, making a meal of packaged food such as instant noodles and canned vegetables is much faster. 是对中心句的解释，即说明为什么方便食品能够节省时间。
第三句：This enables busy office workers to fill their bellies with relative ease. 是对第二句描述现象的推导，由方便食品能够节省时间推导出它能帮助办公族快速填饱肚子这一结果。
在实际写作中综合应用以上方法可以解决绝大部分段落扩展问题。
合理的观点和拓展是解决中国留学生英文论文写作缺乏思路的根本方法。HotEssay建议留学生们在平时多参加小组头脑风暴训练，培养阅读新闻报道的习惯，同时多学习师兄师姐分的一些优秀范文等方法来积累观点，在阅读的时候多思考观点可以怎样拓展，相信长此以往是可以帮助大家培养英文写作思维的。
