公共事业管理学是研究公共事业管理活动、制度、体制及其运行机制的学科 。公共事业管理英文论文主要是写反映政府管理公共事业的活动，并通过对这些活动的本质与现象、主体与客体、观念与技术、内容与形式、制度与过程、历史与未来的研究的论文，本文是关于一篇关于图书馆管理的论文，作者通过论文分析了图书馆管理目前存在的问题以及相关建议。
Abstract: Elaborating on the core idea of the new public management theory, based on the analysis of its application in library management in the possibility and necessity, from the library of social roles and functions of the division, marketing planning, performance evaluation and human resource development five aspects of its application in library management, while also analyzing the limitations of new public management theory and applied to library management problems that need attention.
摘要：在阐述了新公共管理理论的基础上，对其在图书馆管理中的应用的可能性和必要性的核心思想进行分析，从分工，营销策划，绩效考核的社会角色和职能的图书馆和其在图书馆管理中的应用的人力资源开发五个方面，同时也分析新公共管理理论的局限性，并应用到需要注意的图书馆管理问题。
Keywords: new public management theory, research library management application
关键词：新公共管理理论，研究型图书馆管理中的应用
New public management is since the 1980s, the Western capitalist countries to solve the rapid development of Science and technology, environment faced by the shortcomings of traditional public administration arising and developed its first originated in England, and quickly expanded to the United States Australia, New Zealand and other Western countries, become the dominant national administrative reform ideas of .20 mid-1990s, new public management scholars began to receive national attention .
新公共管理是80年代以来，西方资本主义国家解决科学技术的飞速发展，环境所面临的传统公共行政和所产生的缺点而开发的，最早起源于英国，并迅速扩展到美国澳大利亚，新西兰等西方国家，成为20世纪90年代中期的主导国家行政改革的思路，新的公共管理学者开始受到各国的重视。
In 1996, Shanghai Translation Publishing House of Osborne and cover cloth Le (David Osborne and Ted Gaebler's <> (REInventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit Is Transforming the Public Sector, a book sign of the new public management theory into China. [1 ] The new management theory are in transition from planned economy to market economy transformation of China's public sector management reform had a greater impact. the library as a public service of social and cultural institutions and public sector knowledge management, learning new public management theory and methods, to promote innovation in the management of their own, no doubt also important.
A new public management theory, the core idea of the word first appeared in the New Public Management in 1990 from Hood (Christopher Hood made. [2] since its use has, academics have been different opinions, so far not yet formed a unified understanding of .2007 years, Chen Tianxiang the basic spirit of the new public management summed up as: promotion of government policies, separation of functions and management functions, the government focused on the formulation of public policy, on this basis, the introduction of competition mechanism to achieve the diversification of the supply of public goods, and to learn from private enterprise number of management methods to improve government's efficiency and effectiveness. [3] In 2008, Wang Dingyun, Wang Shixiong various scholars in the summary view, based on the basic proposition of the new public management summed up as: the governance and market mechanisms, the private sector and introduce a variety of public sector management, rely on advanced information network technology, through the realignment of the organization and management to enhance the vitality of the government to improve the quality of public services to achieve efficiency and effectivene
ss of governance. [4]
1.the new public management in theory 新公共管理理论
As can be seen from the above point of view, the new public management, in theory, although there is no unified cognition, but its core idea, mainly reflected in:
1.1 reshaping the relationship between government and society, re-positioning of government functions in the information economy and the impact of globalization, new public management roles against big government, to promote streamlined and effective service-oriented government. The role of government from interfering in the market exit, transferring management authority the government to adjust its functions, activities, government policies to promote the separation of functions and management functions, the 'helm (policy-making' and 'rowing (service delivery,' separate from the Government should 'steer' as its central function, through the establishment of quasi-autonomous or semi-autonomous executive agencies to take 'rowing' functions. [5]
1.2 Advocates A Moderate Separation Of Powers And Authority, Regulatory Authority And The Effective Integration Of Management Functions
The traditional hierarchical organization is largely a centralized system, this top-down management model allows front-line management agencies and personnel lack the right to self-activity, it is difficult a good response to environmental changes and customer change in demand, resulting in management and management functions of the authority of a serious gap between the new public management advocated a moderate separation of powers and authority, effective management of the authority given to managers, while managers in turn freed from red tape, financial, personnel, procurement and auditing remove unnecessary regulation and control, [6] in order to better improve the management efficiency and effectiveness of government.
1.3 The Introduction Of Market-Oriented Competition, Emphasizing The Priority Of Economic Value
New public management to economics, an important theoretical basis for the government to introduce the concept of economic value, emphasizing the economy, efficiency and effectiveness. Asked the Government to change the traditional mode of service, engaged in a market environment, the introduction of competition to achieve public goods diversification of supply, while, through the competition to improve efficiency, streamlining and staff reductions to achieve the purpose of saving government spending, reduce service costs. [7] the cornerstone of economic theory makes the theory of new public management reform under the guidance of the government more land for the market to competition to find the redundant government agencies and personnel, the reform of government, institutional and staffing to achieve the best price.
1.4 draw on private sector management methods, large-scale application of technology, business management and new public management philosophy that private sector management concepts and technologies than the public sector, and for the public sector, [8] that the public and private sectors is not essential difference, the private sector to public sector ma
nagement of transplant methods and techniques, such as management by objectives, total quality management, performance evaluation, strategic management, to better enhance the efficiency of public services, reduce service costs, improving government performance. Meanwhile, the new public management emphasizes the application of advanced information network technology, to build e-government, the implementation of e-government, improve the administrative management of information systems, reduce the transmission of information channels, increase the transparency of government work, [9] and thus enhance the public's trust.
1.5 emphasizes customer and results-oriented, improve management efficiency and effectiveness of traditional government management, the government is often in a superior attitude to face the public. The public did not choose the right government services, government workers do not need their behavior responsible for the actual effect produced, so that civil servants lack the administrative culture of the customer is responsible for the new public administration wanted the government to treat citizens as customers should be treated like a business to meet customer demand for the important values, to achieve diversity through customer-driven of social needs and to promote improvement in the quality of government services. [10] Meanwhile, the new public managers believe that poor performance of government departments, not because of lack of management capacity of public managers and non-performance of duties, but because the traditional public administration easily lead to rigidity and inefficiency of public institutions they claim to relax the strict administrative rules, strict performance evaluation, in order to impose control on the management objectives, identify the specific objectives of organizations and individuals, the emphasis is on outcomes rather than processes, emphasize results rather than procedures, the emphasis on outputs, costs and effect rather than simply put, resulting in higher employee morale, better flexibility and higher spirit of innovation, to achieve the government to improve efficiency and good performance.
2 new public management theory and management of the library 新公共管理理论和图书馆管理
As a public library knowledge management, its management activities will be subject to the impact of various management theories in the knowledge economy, competition exists in all sectors of social activity, because the library is no longer public welfare, service and competition in the market outside the detached, it must participate in the fierce market competition, a place, in order to better achieve its social value.
2.1 New Public Management theory and library management reform of the new public management theory fit the core idea is largely fit the needs of library management reform, making the new public management theory has been introduced with the possibility of library management.
New public management theory of the positioning of government functions, inspiration library management concept should be adjusted to reset itself in the position of social activities, to grasp their role in society, to achieve its functions, innovation, new public management ideas and the appropriate
separation of powers authorized to require libraries to build flat and decentralized organizational structure, management authority and management functions to reconcile the conflict between the new public management and promote market-oriented economic value of the priority, requires libraries to integrate into the social competition, more achieve a good library marketing, library management to enhance the value of new public management of large-scale application of modern business management methods and techniques required to enhance the modernization of library management, library resources to build better systems, to establish a more complete book library system, new public management emphasizes customer and results-oriented, requiring the library to create a good working environment to the needs of users as the ultimate goal, to provide users with better library products and services satisfy the needs of users.
2.2 the introduction of new public management theory the meaning of library management in the knowledge economy era, people access to information have become more diversified. The development of modern information technology, information services gave birth to many institutions and organizations, they are a quick, high-quality, comprehensive services to attract was originally part of the library users. In many cases, users can access through the network the information they need without having to rely on libraries in this case, the library as a non-profit organizations have to participate in the intense information to the market competition, in which social reality, the library must change the past, management philosophy, re-planning its management functions, change management methods to enhance the management efficiency the new public management theory, the core idea of ??promoting innovation in library management has a certain significance, it allows the library to better adapt to the current situation of social competition, the library's social status, to achieve its social value.
3 New Public Management 新公共管理
Library Management in the new public management as a management innovation theory, the library management is changing the concept of library management, library management functions of orientation, the change of library management, library management to enhance performance and so has an important Reference.
3.1 Positioning the library's social role, the influence of the library public library as a public social institutions, their development and social changes in the environment are closely related. Popularization of computer and network information environment brought about changes in the knowledge economy and the market economy the rise of the social demand changes in the environment, to promote the concept of library management, models, methods, tools are changing.
New public management theory requires reshaping the relationship between the government and society, and actively look for changes in social development under the government's role, the ideas apply to the current social reality faced by the library, request changes in management philosophy library, clear cognitive own social status, re-positioning the library's social role libraries must understand that he was no longer the only
information service, but only social information system is an integral part of the face of fierce competition in the information market, Library how to consolidate and expand their 'territory', to maintain and better play to their strengths, must face the social reality. the domestic situation, the current public recognition of the library is not high. According to the author in 2009 of Wuhan University Library user survey found that the use of: Google, Baidu and other search engines as a user access to information resources in the main channel, up to 90% of users have information needs in the future, first by the search engine instead of the library resources to meet their own needs. Library competition in the information systems already in a certain disadvantage in this social reality, the library must change the traditional management concepts, adjust the social position of public influence to further enhance the competitiveness and social .
3.2 Decentralization coordination and control, optimization of the library of modern library management organization and structure of the complex and diverse activities of different management decisions need to carry out by a specialized structure. [12] new public management to promote the proper separation of powers and authority, more emphasis on lower management agencies and personnel authority to require lower management agencies and personnel to ensure that changes in the environment based on real time adjustment of service strategy, flexibility and security management flexibility. Library traditional pyramid organizational structure, more emphasis on centralization, lack of flexibility, communication within the organization is not smooth. upper by the rules and regulations, strictly control the underlying functions, the management authority over the management functions of the highlights so hard to be maximized. With the Library changes in management activities, the appropriate separation of powers is particularly important. In addition, new public management, while emphasizing the separation of powers does not completely negate the centralization in the work of library management.
Centralization of decision-making in order to protect the adjustment of specialized decision-making and decision making take clear responsibility to ensure the rationalization of library policy. [13] upper management must ensure that control, maintenance and management authority, the functions of supervision and management of play.
Currently, the library for changes in the traditional pyramid organizational structure, the development of more flat and matrix organizational structure is decentralized in order to better coordinate and control, security management authority, to play a management function, the user needs further exploration , process-oriented, the library reorganization, optimize the organizational structure of the library.
3.3 Strengthening of the library marketing, library community to enhance the competitiveness of the new public management theory by the impact of market-oriented, library management can not be confined within the organization to manage, but must broaden their horizons to the social background, and actively carry out books Museum marketing push library services, enhance the competitiveness of the library communi
