essay outline是英文论文的提纲部分，最整篇文章遇着指导性作用。如何撰写好essay outline 成为了很多学生的一大难题，我们平常接触的outline有3种，如下所示：

1. topic outline
thesis：XXXXX(是一句话，要打句点）（下面的都是单词和短语 不打句点)
Ⅰ.XXXX
Ⅱ.XXXX
A.XXXX
1.XXX
2.XXX
B.XXXXX
Ⅲ.XXXXX
2.sentence outline (格式和TOPIC OUTLINE 是一样的，但是下面的小点和层次都是一句话的形式）
thesis和下面的层次是一排起头的

3.mixed outline 格式也是一样的 但是第一层是要是一句话的 ，一下的都是短语和单词组成，是前面2种的混合体

我们给大家总结出了essay outline写作的步骤：

The first paragraph（第一段）：introduction+statement，introduction不是流水账似的的记录，而是令人眼前一亮的凝聚升华;statement不是堆积的罗列，而是有主次有条理地顺承连接。

The second paragraph（第二段）：view A + supporting points

The third paragraph（第三段）：view B + supporting points

The fourth paragraph（第四段）：view C + supporting points

The fifth paragraph（第五段）：conclusion，conclusion不是随便写的，需要与你所陈述的statement相呼应。

下面我们给大家一些essay outline模板：

1. Introduction
2. Competitive swimming provides same benefits as other sports
   1. It is good exercise and builds muscular strength
   2. It promotes cooperation among team members, especially in relays
3. Competitive swimming provides some additional benefits
   1. Swimming is an important skill that can be used forever
   2. There is a reduced risk of injury
   3. Each swimmer can easily chart his or her own progress
4. My personal experience as a competitive swimmer
   1. I enjoy working with my coach
   2. I've made a lot of friends on the swim team
5. Conclusion

Research Essay Outline模板

1. Introduction
2. Background Information
   1. Location of Mt. Everest
   2. Geography of the Surrounding Area
   3. Facts about Mt. Everest
      1. Height of the mountain
      2. How the mountain was named
         1. Peak XV
         2. Joloungma (Tibetan name)
         3. Sagarmatha (Nepalese name)
      3. The number of people who have climbed Everest to date
3. Major Explorers Covered in this Paper
   1. Sir Edmund Hillary
      1. First to reach the summit (1953)
      2. Led a team of experienced mountain climbers who worked together
   2. Tenzing Norgay and the Sherpas
      1. Norgay was an experienced climber and guide who accompanied Hillary
      2. Sherpas still used to guide expeditions
   3. Rob Hall
      1. Leader of the failed 1996 expedition
      2. Led group of (mainly) tourists with little mountain climbing experience
4. The Impact Expeditions have had on Mt. Everest and Local Community
   1. Ecological Effects
      1. Loss of trees due to high demand for wood for cooking and heating for tourists.
      2. Piles of trash left by climbing expeditions
   2. Economic Effects
      1. Expedition fees provide income for the country
      2. Expeditions provide work for the Sherpas, contributing to the local economy.
   3. Cultural Effects
      1. Introduction of motor vehicles
      2. Introduction of electricity
5. Conclusion